Types of Information Systems

Types of Information Systems
What are types of Information Systems? Give a specific example and images on each ISs.

1. Office Information Systems

  
  

An office information system, or OIS (pronounced oh-eye-ess), is an information system that uses hardware, software and networks to enhance work flow and facilitate communications among employees.  Win an office information system, also described as office automation; employees perform tasks electronically using computers and other electronic devices, instead of manually.

Example:

a registration department might post the class schedule on the Internet and e-mail students when the schedule is updated.

2. Transaction Processing Systems

A transaction processing system (TPS) is an information system that captures and processes data generated during an organization’s day-to-day transactions.  A transaction is a business activity such as a deposit, payment, order or reservation.

1.                   Recording a business activity such as a student’s registration, a customer’s order, an employee’s timecard or a client’s payment.

3. Management Information Systems

A management information system, or MIS (pronounced em-eye-ess), is an information system that generates accurate, timely and organized information so managers and other users can make decisions, solve problems, supervise activities, and track progress.  Because it generates reports on a regular basis, a management information system sometimes is called a management reporting system (MRS).

4. Decision Support Systems

  

A decision support system (DSS) is an information system designed to help users reach a decision when a decision-making situation arises.  A variety of DSSs exist to help with a range of decisions. Some decision support systems include query language, statistical analysis capabilities, spreadsheets, and graphics that help you extract data and evaluate the results.  Some decision support systems also include capabilities that allow you to create a model of the factors affecting a decision.  A simple model for determining the best product price.

Example:

Would include factors for the expected sales volume at each price level.  With the model, you can ask what-if questions by changing one or more of the factors and viewing the projected results.  Many people use application software packages to perform DSS functions.  Using spreadsheet software, for example, you can complete simple modeling tasks or what-if scenarios.

5. Expert Systems

An expert system  is an information system that captures and stores the knowledge of human experts and then imitates human reasoning and decision-making processes for those who have less expertise.  Expert systems are composed of two main components:  a knowledge base and inference rules.  A knowledge base is the combined subject knowledge and experiences of the human experts.  The inference rules are a set of logical judgments applied to the knowledge base each time a user describes a situation to the expert system.

Example: 

Experts predict that AI eventually will be incorporated into most computer systems and many individual software applications.  Many word processing programs already include speech recognition.